近日，国际知名期刊《Agricultural Water Management》发表了一项关于干湿交替稻田土壤磷深层迁移阻控的重要研究成果。该研究由我院陈涛涛教授带领的稻田碳氮循环课题组完成，论文题为“Biochar-mediated soil phosphorus leaching and distribution behaviors in AWD paddy fields of a Northeast China alluvial plain”（DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110155）。研究系统揭示了干湿交替灌溉与玉米秸秆生物炭协同调控下辽河冲积平原稻田磷素淋失与剖面分布的关键机制与实践价值。博士研究生张琬婷为论文第一作者，陈涛涛教授为通讯作者。

生物炭作为有机热解产物，在土壤改良、作物增产和环境修复方面具有显著优势，然而当前研究多集中于表层土壤，生物炭在渗漏量巨大的冲积平原稻田中对土壤磷素深层（100-200厘米）迁移的影响，尚缺乏系统认知。试验采用随机区组试验设计：设置常规淹灌无添加（I_CFB₀）、干湿交替灌溉无添加（I_AWDB₀）和干湿交替灌溉施用20 t/ha玉米秸秆生物炭（I_AWDB_MS）三种处理。结果显示，从常规淹灌向干湿交替灌溉转变后，渗漏量减少了25~38%，但土壤速效磷的深层迁移有所增加。在干湿交替灌溉基础上增施生物炭，较I_AWDB₀进一步降低渗漏量9%和磷淋失降低20%。此外，I_AWDB_MS使0~40厘米剖面土壤速效磷储量增加141~277%，全磷储量提升133~219%，同时显著抑制了100~200厘米剖面的土壤速效磷和全磷迁移量，降幅分别119~1114%和210~2644%。因此，本研究结果为农业生态系统中磷素的可持续管理提供了一种新途径，并为深入理解生物炭在调控稻田土壤养分动态中的作用提供了关键依据。

本项研究的创新之处在于，在渗漏严重的冲积平原稻田土壤中，系统评估了生物炭与干湿交替灌溉结合对0-200厘米剖面磷素淋失、分布与迁移行为的影响，突破了以往研究多集中于耕作层的局限。研究结果为在类似高渗农田构建“以炭调水、以炭固磷、水肥协同”的绿色可持续磷管理技术提供了理论依据，具有重要的推广应用价值。研究成果得到了国家自然科学基金面上项目（52379043）、辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目（JYTQN2024014）和辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才项目（XLYC1902064）资助。

Fig.1 Soil solution sampling during the rice growth season and devices used to determine water percolation and collect leachate.

Fig.2 Effects of biochar management (B) and irrigation regime (I) on profile distribution of dissolved phosphorus concentration in soil solution in 0-20 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, 80-100 cm, 140-160 cm, and 180-200 cm soil profiles as affected by different treatments during the whole rice-growing seasons in 2021 (a-c) and 2022 (d-f). Seasonal averaged dissolved phosphorus concentration curves along the 0-200cm soil profile were positioned to the right of each subfigure. Abbreviations: continuous flooding irrigation without biochar (I_CFB₀), alternate wetting and drying irrigation without biochar (I_AWDB₀), and alternate wetting and drying irrigation with 20 t ha^-1 maize straw biochar (I_AWDB_MS).

Fig.3 Effects of biochar management (B) and irrigation regime (I) on phosphorus (P) leaching during BF (basal fertilizer stage), TF (tillering fertilizer stage), and PF (panicle fertilizer stage) in 2021 (a) and 2022 (b) rice-growing seasons. Data are means ± s.d. (n = 3). Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments. Abbreviations: continuous flooding irrigation without biochar (I_CFB₀), alternate wetting and drying irrigation without biochar (I_AWDB₀), and alternate wetting and drying irrigation with 20 t ha^-1 maize straw biochar (I_AWDB_MS).

Fig.4 Effects of biochar management (B) and irrigation regime (I) on dynamics in surface soil (0-20 cm) available phosphorus (P) during BF (basal fertilizer stage), TF (tillering fertilizer stage), and PF (panicle fertilizer stage) and TG (the total growth season) in 2021 (a, c) and 2022 (b, d) rice-growing seasons. Data are means ± s.d. (n = 3). Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments. Abbreviations: continuous flooding irrigation without biochar (I_CFB₀), alternate wetting and drying irrigation without biochar (I_AWDB₀), and alternate wetting and drying irrigation with 20 t ha^-1 maize straw biochar (I_AWDB_MS).

Fig.5 Effects of biochar management (B) and irrigation regime (I) on post-harvest soil available phosphorus (P) and total phosphorus (TP) migration at the 0-40 cm, 40-100 cm, and 100-200 cm profile in 2021 (a, c) and 2022 (b, d) rice-growing seasons. Data are means ± s.e. (n = 3). Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among treatments. Abbreviations: continuous flooding irrigation without biochar (I_CFB₀), alternate wetting and drying irrigation without biochar (I_AWDB₀), and alternate wetting and drying irrigation with 20 t ha^-1 maize straw biochar (I_AWDB_MS).

DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.11015

论文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110155