近日，国际知名期刊《Industrial Crops & Products》发表了一项关于干湿交替稻田土壤氮素淋失与深层迁移阻控的重要研究成果。该研究由我院陈涛涛教授带领的稻田碳氮循环课题组完成，论文题为“Dual role of biochar in reducing nitrogen leaching and reshaping 0–200 cm soil nitrogen migration in AWD-managed alluvial soil paddies”（DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122715）。研究通过三年大田试验证明了单次施用生物炭的减排效应至少可持续四年，这对农业绿色可持续发展具有重要指导意义。博士研究生张琬婷为论文第一作者，陈涛涛教授和迟道才教授为通讯作者。
干湿交替灌溉作为一种水稻节水技术被广泛推广，但其周期性干湿过程会促进硝化作用，并可能因土壤干缩裂隙产生优先流，反而会增加硝态氮淋失和氮素深层迁移的风险。这一问题在下辽河冲积平原的高渗漏、易开裂的稻田土壤中尤为突出，限制了干湿交替灌溉技术的环境可持续性。同时，生物炭作为一种具有保水固氮潜力的土壤改良剂，其与干湿交替灌溉结合后，对0~200厘米土壤剖面氮素分布与迁移的长期调控效应及残留功效尚不明确。基于此，试验采用随机区组试验设计：设置常规淹灌无添加（ICFB0）、干湿交替灌溉无添加（IAWDB0）和干湿交替灌溉施用20 t/ha玉米秸秆生物炭（IAWDBMS）三种处理。结果显示，与ICFB0相比，IAWDB0降低了29%的渗漏量，但也增加了硝态氮淋失以及无机氮深层（100~200厘米）迁移。而与ICFB0相比，IAWDBMS可降低渗漏量36%，相较于IAWDB0，IAWDBMS减少无机氮淋失24%。此外，生物炭的施用还显著提升了0–40厘米土壤无机氮和全氮的储量，增幅为151~280%，同时大幅抑制了土壤无机氮和全氮的深层迁移量，降幅达150~2350%。通径分析进一步表明，无机氮深层迁移量的减少主要归因于120~200厘米剖面土壤溶液硝态氮浓度的下降，以及40~100厘米剖面土壤无机氮含量的提升。本研究凸显了生物炭作为一种重要土壤改良剂的应用潜力，为实现稻田生产的节水、高产与环境安全的多元目标提供了可行的技术途径。
本项研究的创新之处在于，系统揭示了生物炭与干湿交替灌溉耦合对0~200厘米剖面氮素迁移行为的长期调控效应，突破了传统研究局限于耕作层的范式。研究结果为推动农业系统实现“增产不增污、节水不减产”的可持续发展目标提供了关键技术支撑与决策参考。研究成果得到了国家自然科学基金面上项目（52379043）、辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目（JYTQN2024014）和辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”青年拔尖人才项目（XLYC1902064）资助。
Fig.1 Effects of Year (Y) and Treatment (T) on daily percolation (a-c) and cumulative percolation (d) during BF (basal fertilizer stage), TF (tillering fertilizer stage), and PF (panicle fertilizer stage) in 2021-2023 rice-growing seasons. Data are means ± s.d. (n = 3). Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: T0: continuous flooding irrigation without biochar, T1: alternate wetting and drying irrigation without biochar, and T2: alternate wetting and drying irrigation with 20 t ha-1 maize straw biochar. **: p <0.01; *: p <0.05; ns: no significance.
Fig.2 Effects of Treatment (T) on profile distribution of NH4+-N concentration in soil solution in 0-20 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, 80-100 cm, 140-160 cm, and 180-200 cm soil profiles as affected by different treatments during the whole rice-growing seasons in 2021-2023. Seasonal averaged NH4+-N concentration curves along the 0-200cm soil profile were positioned at the right of each subfigure. Abbreviations: T0: continuous flooding irrigation without biochar, T1: alternate wetting and drying irrigation without biochar, and T2: alternate wetting and drying irrigation with 20 t ha-1 maize straw biochar.
Fig.3 Effects of Treatment (T) on profile distribution of NO3--N concentration in soil solution in 0-20 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, 80-100 cm, 140-160 cm, and 180-200 cm soil profiles as affected by different treatments during the whole rice-growing seasons in 2021-2023. Seasonal averaged NO3--N concentration curves along the 0-200cm soil profile were positioned at the right of each subfigure. Abbreviations: T0: continuous flooding irrigation without biochar, T1: alternate wetting and drying irrigation without biochar, and T2: alternate wetting and drying irrigation with 20 t ha-1 maize straw biochar.
Fig.4 Effects of Year (Y) and Treatment (T) on post-harvest soil inorganic N and total N migration at the 0-40 cm, 40-100 cm, and 100-200 cm profile in 2021-2023 rice-growing seasons. Data are means ± s.d. (n = 3). Different letters above bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: T0: continuous flooding irrigation without biochar, T1: alternate wetting and drying irrigation without biochar, and T2: alternate wetting and drying irrigation with 20 t ha-1 maize straw biochar. Y: Year, T: Treatment. **: p <0.01; *: p <0.05; ns: no significance.
Fig.5 Path analysis showing how biochar affects soil inorganic N and total N migration at 0-40 cm (a and d), 40-100 cm (b and e), and 100-200 cm profile (c and f). In the subscripts, “S” stands for soil, “SS” stands for soil solution, and the numbers represent the sampling depth in centimeters. Red arrows represent positive impacts, blue arrows represent negative impacts, solid lines effect significantly, and dotted lines effect insignificantly. * = significant at p < 0.05; ** = significant at p < 0.01.
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122715
论文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122715
